Piezoelectric–Triboelectric Layer-by-Layer Films for Selective Ion Sensing

PROBLEM: Selective ion sensors need a transduction step that turns a binding event into a readable signal, and layer-by-layer films offer many tuneable surface groups but no built-in readout. Competing ions can occupy similar carboxyl sites, so a sensor that reports only total loading cannot distinguish the target ion from interferents. Without a modelled link between which ion binds and how the film's charge response changes, calibration remains empirical and fragile.

SOLUTION: Storage Copy Data Management would provide a governed data capability that stores DFT-predicted binding preferences for each layer composition alongside measured piezoelectric/triboelectric responses to known ion exposures. The capability would version each calibration dataset, retain the isotherm validation records that support it, and make the full lineage auditable so a sensor claim can be traced back to its underlying binding model. It would not certify selectivity beyond what the stored measurements support.

EVIDENCE BASIS: Piezoelectric/triboelectric coupling is DOCUMENTED: mechanical strain or contact generates charge and is used in nanogenerators. DFT (Kohn–Sham equation, Hohenberg–Kohn 1964, Kohn–Sham 1965, Nobel 1998) predicts which surface groups bind which metal ions. Biosorption is validated via batch isotherms, qe = (C0 − Ce)V/m, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, textbook DOCUMENTED. Source: textbook DFT and biosorption isotherm literature as summarised in the batch method.